1. mobile first
2. use well structured, meaningful markup
3. the absence of support for @media queries is in fact the first @media query...
4. progressively enhance using JavaScript and @media queries
5. adapt content (especially images) appropriately for each device
6. compress content where possible, and don’t include unnecessary data
This very creative presentation has floored even the inimitable PPK so much that he wants you to learn it by heart.
A slide from Bryan Rieger's presentation